Pulfrich 3D Glases - How does the 3D Pulfrich Effect work?

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Pulfrich 3D Glases - How does the 3D Pulfrich Effect work? -
By: Joe Healy, Posted on: 2008-09-07

The Pulfrich effect is a psycho-optical phenomenon wherein lateral motion by an object in the field of view is interpreted by the brain as having a depth component, due to differences in processing speed between images from the two eyes. The effect is generally induced by placing a dark filter over one eye. The phenomenon is named for German physicist Carl Pulfrich who first described it in 1922.The First
The subject in the classic Pulfrich effect experiment watches a pendulum as it swings in a plane perpendicular to the subjects line of vision . Naturally, a filter that neutralizes dense matter... (tinted glasses - generally gray) for example, the pendulum is placed in front of the right eye seeming to be making an elliptical orbit, giving the illusion that it is closer as it swings to the right, and further away as it swings to the left.
The widely accepted explanation of the apparent depth is that a reduction in retinal illumination (considered related to fellow eyes) Subsequently, a delay in signal transmission develops, creating an immediate separation between objects in motion. The probable reason this seems to occur is due to the visual latencies which are normally shorter for the ocular structure reacts faster to well lighted items compared to poorly lighted items With a deep movement (this was originally described by Carl Pulfrich , who was a German physicist) is the visual system's solution when the retinal illuminance is not the same, which leads to a difference in signal latencies.
Scientifically, the Pulfrich Effect was typically measured under the conditions of a full field consisting of dark targets on a bright background, yielding nearly 15ms. The difference in normal retinal illuminance is delayed times ten.[2][3][4]Five The delay was found to increase monotonically with a wide decrease in luminance. (> 6 log-units) range of luminance.[Two]Three The same luminance-to-latency relationship is shown when the effect is used with bright targets on a very dark background.
There are several types of eye disease, like cataracts, that can cause this effect.(six) inflammation of the optic nerve[Seven][Eight] or multiple sclerosis.[nine] In cases such as this, some have reported symptoms including difficulty judging the path of approaching vehicles.
When visual media formats (e.g., television, film) make use of 3-D special effects with horizontal movement, they are often employing the Pulfrich effect. As in other kinds of stereoscopy, glasses are used to create the illusion of a three-dimensional image. By placing a neutral filter like the darkened lenses on some sunglasses above one eye, a picture, as it moves from the right to the left to the left or to the right, but definetly not up or down. it seems like it's moving in depth, either closer to or further away from the one viewing it.
Since the Pulfrich effect necessitates movement in a specific direction to create the appearance of depth, it isn't worthwhile as a general stereoscopic method; for instance, it can't be applied to show a fixed object seeming to extend either in to or out of the screen; just the same, subjects escalating will not appear to escalate in depth. However, the novelty effect is found in the visual scenario. Material formed with taking advantage of the Pulfrich effect in mind has the added advantage of being completely interchangeable with "normal" viewing, thus eliminating the need for "special" glasses.
The effect achieved a small degree of popularity in television in the 1990s. For example, it was used in a "3D" motion television commercial in the 1990s, where objects moving in one direction appeared to be nearer to the viewer viewing the front of a tv screen and they seemed to be further away from the viewer when moved in the opposite direction. (located in the back of the television screen). In order to enable viewers to experience it, the advertiser supplied a group of viewers with paper frames encasing the filters. One eye's filter was a rather dark neutral gray while the other was transparent. This time the commercial used only objects (such as refrigerators and skateboarders) from the left to right it goes down a steep hill across the screen, the directional dependency decided based on the eye that was covered by a darker filter.
You can see this same effect in the 1993 "Doctor Who" charity special "Dimensions in Time" and a 1997 special TV episode of "3rd Rock from the Sun". In many countries in Europe, a series of short 3D films, produced in the Netherlands, were shown on television. You could purchase the special glasses at gas stations. Basically, these films were short travelogues of different Dutch locations. An episode of The Power Rangers.The First uses "Circlescan 4D" technology and is sold through McDonalds.[2] which is based on the Pulfrich effect. Animated programs that used the Pulfrich effect in particular segments of their programs include The Bots Blaster and Space Strikers; they normally accomplished the effect by using the consistently moving backdrop and forefront layers. The videogame Orb-3D for the Nintendo Entertainment System used the effect through keeping the player's ship continually moving and came packed with a pair of glasses. So did Jim Power: The Lost Dimension in 3-D for the popular Super Nintendo gameing system, utilizing interesting and unique scrolling backgrounds to an expecially great effect.

In the year 2000 within the United States and Canada, six million 3-D glasses by Pulfrich were dispensed to viewers to observe Shark Week on the Discovery Channel.
Pulfrich 3D Glasses - Paper and
Plastic 3D Glasses

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Joe Healy is an expert in 3D Technology

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